On a night of political disunity and meltdown as Brexit hit the buffers, we were delighted to host the final event of this year’s inaugural BookBlast 10×10 tour at WestBank Art & Music in Thorpe Close, W10, under the Westway.
Kit Caless from INFLUX PRESS led the discussion with Susan from ISTROS BOOKS and Elizabeth from SAQI BOOKS about how #indiepubs play such an important role in the cultural ecosystem; translation, rigid mindsets and choosing to publish books written without market trends in mind; the importance of buying books directly from #indiepubs websites; how best to access buyers at the major bookselling chains deciding on what and how much to purchase (tricky in some instances when there is just one fiction buyer for a whole chain!).
The audience of publishing consultants, book distributors, bloggers, indie film makers, readers and writers raised the issues of how Amazon goes after publisher profit margins with crippling consequences for indies; and the lack of publicity in the Media which is ironic given the growing demand for eclectic, nongeneric, unconventional writing of the kind that is supplied by the smaller publishers who are regularly winning prizes. Continue reading Breaking News | It’s a wrap! The BookBlast 10×10 Tour in association with Waterstones
“Too poetical that about the sad. Music did that. Music hath charms. Shakespeare said. Quotations every day in the year. To be or not to be. Wisdom while you wait.” – James Joyce
“What is modernism?” was one of the questions addressed during the recent BookBlast 10×10 Tour talk held in Waterstones, Norwich, featuring Galley Beggar Press authors Alex Pheby (hailed as “the new Beckett” by Stephen Bumphrey on BBC Radio Norfolk), Paul Stanbridge and Paul Ewen.
“Modernism consists of fragments put back together to make a whole out of disunity,” was one answer, “Being aware of the text and stepping outside it,” was another . . . along with stream of consciousness, multiple points of view, dense allusions, ambiguity and a phenomenal play of words on the page.Continue reading Review | Dedalus, Chris McCabe | Book of the Week
Where were you born, and where did you grow up? Mill Road hospital Liverpool, and then in Liverpool (built on the site of a Victorian workhouse), until moving to London in my early twenties. I now live in Liverpool and work in London.
What sorts of books were in your family home? My dad was an autodidact, acquiring a good collection of books through joining various book clubs. As a result there was an impressively wide range of books on our shelves at home, from history (The World at War;The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire; The Third Reich), fiction (The Lord of the Rings, all the novels of Thomas Hardy), complete Shakespeare and most useful for my development as a writer and poet, the works of Dylan Thomas and James Joyce.Continue reading Interview | Chris McCabe @mccabio | Author of the Week
Are (were) your parents great readers? Tell us a bit about yourself. My Mum is a big reader of Crime Fiction. It helped her solve a real life crime while she was working in a Kenyan orphanage a few years ago. They were both “people of The Book,” hosting Parish Bible studies. This made them more learned than the average parents. The Church was my first exposure to people with higher education. I read a lot from a very young age, I had a box of those cassettes with ding turn the page books. I would put the headphones in myself and read for hours. I remember making a zoo out of envelopes. Each one contained a different animal.
Did you want to work in the publishing industry from the start? If not, why now? No, but something I wanted to do as a Writer was understand every dimension of books. I studied Sculpture because I thought this would teach me about composition in a more general sense than doing English or Creative Writing. I went on to become a master bookbinder and printer too. I became a publisher partly because I wanted to understand, and maybe undermine, distribution and bookselling. It’s another extension to my writing. I guess that’s what it means to be a Modernist in an industrial, networked world. Why now? We were invited in by big publishers a few times to consult, using our publishing methods. We also worked on several print commissions in our studio for Independents. One title we illustrated is almost at the Million Copies mark. We realised we had an extraordinary range of expertise and there were so many good manuscripts I knew of being turned down for bad reasons. The Poets made me do it!Continue reading Interview | David Henningham, co-founder, Henningham Family Press | Indie Publisher of the Week
The sixth talk of the BookBlast® 10×10 tour, a nationwide celebration of independent publishing, features Galley Beggar Press (Modernist Contemporary) in Castle Street, Norwich. Co-director, Sam Jordison, is also an author, teacher and journalist. Galley Beggar have an eye for literary talent. Their early success with experimental debut novel A Girl is A Half-Formed Thing by Eimear McBride, which soared up the Amazon best-seller charts and won four awards, was a game-changer. Book Tickets
On Thurs 11 Oct 6.30 p.m. @NorwichStones Sam Jordison will lead a discussion with authors Alex Pheby, Paul Stanbridge, Paul Ewen, with as its theme: All Hail the New Modernists! Experimentalism & Contemporary Literature.
Book extract: Lucia by Alex Pheby is about James Joyce’s schizophrenic daughter. It is one of the few surviving portraits of her troubled life. Most other references to her have been lost. We know she was the daughter of the famous writer. She was the lover of Samuel Beckett. She was a gifted dancer. From her late twenties she was treated for suspected schizophrenia. She spent the last thirty years of her life in an asylum. After her death, her voice was silenced. Meet Alex in person on Thurs 11 Oct. 6.30 p.m. @alexphebyContinue reading BookBlast® 10×10 Tour | Thurs 11 Oct., Waterstones, Norwich, 6.30 p.m. | Sam Jordison, Alex Pheby, Paul Stanbridge, Paul Ewen @GalleyBeggars @NorwichStones
This month’s top 10 reads come late since preparations for the hugely exciting #bookblast10x10tour have eaten up time . . . we bring you a sequel to the lodestar of Modernist writing, mind games, posh boys, big spenders and African dreamers, among other delights.
Listing in alphabetical order according to publisher @carcanet @HenninghamPress @maclehosepress @myriadeditions @noexiteditions @oneworldnews @papillotepress @saqibooks
Rough Breathing by Harry Gilonis (Carcanet) buy here
“Roland Barthes speaking of the ‘grain of the voice’ describes movement deep down in the cavities, the muscles, the membranes; the way the voice bears out the materiality of the body with its checkings and releasings of breath. Simple breath holds no interest; the lungs are stupid organs. That graininess, for Barthes, inheres in friction, that sign of resistance: the body made manifest in the voice. As also in the hand as it writes. Rough breathing, then, is where writing, as well as speech, begins. Words must be shaggy as well as combed smooth.” – from the Introduction by Harry Gilonis
Rough Breathing is the first substantial gathering of poems by Harry Gilonis whose work has previously appeared in small-press publications, or literary avant-garde magazines on both sides of the Atlantic; some are published here for the first time. He picks up and renews tradition with experimental forms and is radically open to poets, artists and thinkers across continents and across time, from William Carlos Williams to Li Shan-Yi, from Trakl to Zukovsky, Lorine Ledecker and Tom Raworth; from Klee to Wittgenstein. His use of language is meticulous and he delights in word play. The versatility and range of Rough Breathing makes it a fine collection – for readers, performers, teachers and students alike.
Amnesia Nights by Quinton Skinner (Fentum) buy here
“It didn’t take long to unearth an intimidating lore of mythology surrounding Karl. I found admiring portraits in back issues of Money and Forbes, a long listing in a brazenly ruling class fetishizing book called Sketches of the Lions of American Business, and various mentions in Time and The Wall Street Journal. Most of the straight business notices dealt with his banking interests and real estate development ventures; all regarded him as an imposing, powerful and, (reading between the lines now), shadowy figure. His family was from Austria, but they emigrated during the apocalypse of World War I for a life as outsiders in Britain. In Newcastle, Karl’s father, Jan, opened his own cobbler’s shop in the respite between the wars. The family’s business was arduous and demanding, and it was expected that young Karl would work in the shop and, one day, run it himself. Instead, surely to his parents’ frustration, Karl left his family when he was sixteen.”
Jack comes from a humble background however he is determined and ambitious, and leaves an alcoholic home in Indiana well behind him when he heads for Harvard University. There, he makes his first and only friend, and lands a beautiful and extremely wealthy girlfriend, Iris Kateran, who becomes his fiancée. Jack, Iris, and Jack’s friend, Frank Lee, decided shortly before graduation to move to Los Angeles. Although daunted by the presence of Iris’s overbearing father, Jack agreed to the move because the three friends plan to set up a small investment company backed by Karl Kateran.
Soon after their engagement, Iris and John’s relationship deteriorates and the serpent of envy insinuates itself into their love nest. Jack flies into a jealous rage and tries to kill Iris, and she vanishes. The police never find her body. Jack remembers deadly violence but doesn’t specifically remember killing Iris. His mind plays tricks on him. He sees people he thinks he knows, but they are an illusion. His memory flickers in and out of focus. He leaves town. What became of Iris Kateran?
Moving between past and present, Amnesia Nights is a clever, skilfully plotted, sophisticated psychological thriller about money and class, love and fear, which will keep you hooked until the very last page.
Dedalus by Chris McCabe (Henningham Family Press) buy here
“His wet trousers clung to the back of the chair, slacklegs swinging. Seasand and airdew. Those trousers which were not his own. Bracken on his breks. Along the dawn blue bay he’d walked back from Bloom’s, and mishearing his name the name had stuck: Leonard. Stephen thought sleepily of the silent couple asleep in a double dream of catpurrs and silences. In the sourbreath of parental love.”
Friday 17th June 1904. Stephen Dedalus wakes up in a Dublin Martello tower, hungover but with winnings in the pocket of his borrowed trousers. Dedalus goes about his day. Settling scores and debts. Pursued by the ghosts of his mother, Hamlet, and now a man called Leopold Bloom who has woken up with plans for him. The young poet weaves hopes and ideas into burning wings of ambition. Can he elude death in the passages of books?
Dedalus is the debut novel of a respected and much-loved poet, and a sequel to the lodestar of Modernist writing. Chris McCabe’s iconoclastic tribute to James Joyce’s masterpiece gives right-of-reply to his self-portrait, Stephen Dedalus. Stephen and Bloom, cut from Joyce’s ego, become cultural types pasted into Digital Age storytelling.
Henningham Family Press, “a microbrewery for books,” is a collaboration that brings together the art and writing of David and Ping Henningham. Both artists and authors, they complete and represent writing through fine art printmaking, bookbinding and performance publishing shows which compress the creation of printed matter into hectic live events. Their handmade editions can be found in the V&A, Tate and National Poetry Library. Their fiction showcases authors who are reinventing the conventions of modern writing. Their books are beautiful; the production values are superb.
“Parts of this book will remain with me, and pollute my reading of Hamlet and Ulysses, forever. I also add it to my personal library of Great Books About Dead Fathers.” – Max Porter, author of Grief is the Thing with Feathers
The Tree of the Toraja by Phillippe Claudel, translated by Euan Cameron (Read the World Series, MacLehose Press) buy here
“We bury our dead. We burn them too. Never would we dream of entrusting them to the trees. Yet we lack neither forests nor imagination. Our beliefs, however, have grown meaningless and inconsequential. We perpetuate rituals that most of us would find very hard to explain. In our world, nowadays, we play down the presence of death. The people of Toraja make it the focal point of theirs. So which of us is on the right path?”
A middle-aged filmmaker visits Indonesia and becomes entranced by the Toraja custom of interning the bodies of very young deceased children in the trunks of trees. In time, the trunk heals, encasing and protecting the tiny bodies as the tree grows slowly heavenwards. On his return to France, the filmmaker receives news that his dearest friend is dying of cancer, prompting a reflection on the part death occupies in our existence, our inability to confront our mortality and our struggle to conceive of a happy life after a devastating loss.
Philippe Claudel will be at the Edinburgh Book Festival this August.
Redemption Song and Other Stories by various authors, edited by Chris Brazier andThe Caine Prize for African writing 2018 (Myriad Editions) buy here
The Caine Prize for African Writing is Africa’s leading literary prize, and is awarded to a short story by an African writer published in English, whether in Africa or elsewhere. The prize was launched in 2000 to encourage and highlight the richness and diversity of African writing by bringing it to a wider audience internationally. The focus on the short story reflects the contemporary development of the African story-telling tradition.
The 2018 judging panel comprises: Dinaw Mengestu, journalist, author and graduate of Georgetown University and of Columbia University’s M.F.A programme in fiction; Alain Mabanckou, prolific Francophone Congolese poet and novelist and Man Booker International Prize finalist (2015); reporter, columnist and poet Ahmed Rajab; Henrietta Rose-Innes, a South African author who won the Caine Prize in 2008; Lola Shoneyin, a Nigerian writer who has won the Ken Saro-Wiwa Prose Prize, among others.
This collection brings together the five 2018 shortlisted stories, along with stories written at the Caine Prize Writers’ Workshop which took place in Rwanda in April 2018.
The shortlist comprises: American Dream by Nonyelum Ekwempu (Nigeria) The Armed Letter Writers by Olofunke Ogundimu (Nigeria) Fanta Blackcurrant by Makena Onjerika (Kenya) Involution by Stacy Hardy (South Africa) Wednesday’s Story by Wole Talabi (Nigeria)
The workshop stories are: No Ordinary Soirée by Paula Akugizibwe Tie Kidi by Awuor Onyango Calling the Clouds Home by Heran T. Abate America by Caroline Numuhire All Things Bright and Beautiful by Troy Onyango Departure by Nsah Mala Where Rivers Go to Die by Dilman Dila Ngozi by Bongani Sibanda The Weaving of Death by Lucky Grace Isingizwe Redemption Song by Arinze Ifeakandu Spaceman by Bongani Kona Grief is the Gift that Breaks the Spirit Open by Eloghosa Osunde
The Emperor of Shoes by Spencer Wise (No Exit Press) buy here
“This world is opening. Has opened. It’s not the closed little plant that my father built. It’s a different world, the one I’m going to be living in, and I don’t understand my place in it. A Jew. Is that what I am? I don’t know. Maybe I’m the schmuck who lost China. Who ruined everything. What does that even mean here in China. To be a Jew. I’m now a citizen of the world? We’ve always been citizens of the world. No, that’s not true. We’ve always been outsiders. On the run. But where to?”
Alex Cohen, a twenty-six-year-old Jewish Bostonian, is living in southern China, where his neurotic father runs their family-owned shoe factory. Alex reluctantly assumes the helm of the company, but as he explores the plant’s vast floors and assembly lines, he comes to a grim realization: employees are exploited, regulatory systems are corrupt and Alex’s own father is engaging in bribes to protect the bottom line.
Then Alex meets a migrant working girl, a seamstress named Ivy, his sympathies begin to shift to the Chinese workers who labour under brutal conditions, stitching, sewing and cobbling shoes for American companies. As her past resurfaces, it turns out that she is an embedded organizer of a pro-democratic Chinese party, secretly sowing dissonance among her fellow workers. Will Alex remain loyal to his father and his heritage? Or will the sparks of revolution ignite?
The Emperor of Shoes is a timely meditation on idealism, ambition, father-son rivalry and cultural revolution, set against a vivid backdrop of social and technological change in modern-day southern China.
“The public schools were founded to educate the poor and ended up serving the interests of the rich,” Robert Verkaik writes in Posh Boys, a trenchant j’accuse against what he calls the “apartheid education system” that perpetuates social inequality in modern Britain [. . .] Verkaik cites the career of David Cameron as a textbook example of old boy “chumocracy” at work – Tim Farron observed that Cameron’s resignation honours list was “so full of cronies it would embarrass a medieval court” – but his critical scrutiny is not restricted to the Tories. Jeremy Corbyn, he reminds us, attended the kind of prep school where a boy could be flogged for “having your cap at a rakish angle”; Momentum media strategist James Schneider was also privately educated, as were Labour apparatchiks Seumas Milne and Jon Lansman. Verkaik contends that the preponderance of “inflated egos” with “an innate sense of entitlement and . . . an almost pathological willingness to risk everything” accounts for the adversarial and polarising tendencies in contemporary politics.” – Houman Barekat, The Guardian
Imagine a world where leaders are able to pass power directly to their children. These children are plucked from their nurseries and sent to beautiful compounds far away from all the other children. They are provided with all the teachers they need, the best facilities, doctors and food. Every day they are told this is because they are the brightest and most important children in the world.
Years later they are presented with the best jobs, the grandest houses and most of the money. Through their networks of friends and family they control the government, the courts, the army, the police and the country’s finances. They claim everyone is equal, that each person has a chance to become a leader. But this isn’t true.
If such a world existed today wouldn’t we say it was unfair, even corrupt? With Posh Boys Robert Verkaik issues a searing indictment of the public school system and outlines how, through meaningful reform, we can finally make society fairer for all.
The Billionaire Raj by James Crabtree (Oneworld) buy here
“In the mid-1990s just two Indians featured in the annual Forbes list of the world’s wealthiest, racking up 3 billion USD between them. That number then ticked up slowly, reaching five by the time Ambani took over his family’s businesses after his father’s death in 2002. [His wealth at the last count stood at 38 billion USD.] But then an explosive expansion began, adding dozens more names over the remainder of the decade. Some transformed old family-run conglomerates into global multinationals. Others were first generation entrepreneurs accumulating billionsin sectors from softwsare to mining. Forbes ranked fort-nine Indians as billionaires by 2010. Today, India’s most exclusive club has ballooned to over one hundred, more than any in any other country bar America, China and Russia.”
Can one of the most divided nations on the planet become its next superpower? James Crabtree reveals the titans of politics and industry shaping India in a period of breakneck change – from controversial prime minister Narendra Modi, victor in the largest election in history, to the leading lights of the country’s burgeoning billionaire class.
While ‘King of the Good Times’ Vijay Mallya languishes in exile in Britain, other major ‘Bollygarchs’ prosper at home despite a series of scandals. Issuing jewel-encrusted invitations to their children’s weddings, these tycoons exert huge power in both business and politics.
But India’s explosive economic rise has driven inequality to new extremes. Millions remain trapped in slums and corruption is endemic. Reformers fight to wrest the nation from these dark forces, leaving its fate poised between that of a prosperous democratic giant and a saffron-tinged version of Russia.
Home, Home by Lisa Allen-Agostine (Papillote Press) buy here
“Summer in Edmonton is not hot, but it’s not cold. Unless, that is, you’re used to living in a furnace. I was. I am from the Caribbean, where an average day might easily be twice as hot as an average Edmonton summer day. What is sixteen degrees when you’re really built for thirty-two? [. . .] Aunt Jillian and Julie laughed at me all the time. They couldn’t understand why I was always kitted out like a bag lady in sweater, shirt, long underwear, jeans and sneakers.”
Set in Canada with a Trinidadian backdrop, Home Home explores mental illness as any other kind of illness and the LGBT family as another kind of family.
The story unfolds through the eyes of a troubled and lonely fourteen-year-old girl sent by her mother to Edmonton in Canada to live with her lesbian aunt. With the help of a handsome boy, her Skyping best friend ‘back home’, and her aunt, she begins to accept her new family and her illness. Then her mother arrives and threatens to take her back to Trinidad. Where then is home?
Elsewhere, Home by Leila Aboulela (Saqi Books) buy here Longlisted for The People’s Book Prize 2018
“Elsewhere, Home is a rich and poignant reflection of a Britain built – as ever – from multiple perspectives and starting points. Fragile, curious, human voices blend, lose themselves, redefine themselves. The emigrant and immigrant experiences have always been part of our storytelling; these beautifully focused tales of Khartoum, Edinburgh, London, Cairo and beyond are a delight.” – A.L. Kennedy
Leila Aboulela’s Elsewhere, Home offers us a rich tableau of life as an immigrant abroad, attempting to navigate the conflicts of assimilation and difference in an unfamiliar world. One of our finest contemporary writers, Aboulela’s work has been praised by J.M. Coetzee, Ali Smith and Aminatta Forna
A young woman’s encounter with a former classmate elicits painful reminders of her former life in Khartoum. A wealthy Sudanese student in Aberdeen begins an unlikely friendship with a Scottish man. A woman experiences an evolving relationship to her favourite writer, whose portrait of their shared culture both reflects and conflicts with her own sense of identity.
Shuttling between the dusty, sun-baked streets of Khartoum and the university halls and cramped apartments of Aberdeen and London, Elsewhere, Home explores, with subtlety and restraint, the profound feelings of yearning, loss and alienation that come with leaving one’s homeland in pursuit of a different life.
THE BOOKBLAST® 10×10 TOUR
A CELEBRATION OF INDEPENDENT PUBLISHING 11 SEPTEMBER – 15 NOVEMBER 2018 A Nationwide Festival of Independent Publishing!
A carnival of authors, poets, translators and publishers, under the banner of trailblazing agency BOOKBLAST® created by Georgia de Chamberet, will be travelling to major cities across England, showcasing some of the finest independent-spirited literature and poetry being published today. With these events, BookBlast® aims to unite people in the spirit of friendship and exchange.
THE BOOKBLAST® 10×10 TOUR, in association with Waterstones, will visit nine regions of England, celebrating risk-taking publishers who fill a unique niche in discovering talent. The tour connects London and the regions.
THE BOOKBLAST® 10×10 TOUR launches in Waterstones Gower Street, located in the heart of Bloomsbury, London, followed by a series of themed talks, each one chaired by a small independent publisher, held in flagship regional branches of Waterstones over 9 weeks. It promises to be a hugely exhilarating celebration of the most electrifying prose and poetry being created today.Continue reading BookBlasts® | Full Tour Listings: The BookBlast® 10×10 Tour in association with Waterstones
Gabriel Josipovici is a pre-eminent British novelist, short story writer, critic, literary theorist, playwright, and a regular contributor to the Times Literary Supplement. Georgia’s exclusive interview for BookBlast® celebrates the publication this week of his latest novel, The Cemetery in Barnes, (Carcanet).
You were born during World War Two in Occupied France, what are your memories of that time? I was born in Nice but we escaped to La Bourboule and Le Mont Dore in the Massif Central during the war. They were spa resorts for people suffering from lung problems, and so were full of hotels – La Bourboule was for children and Le Mont Dore for adults.
My parents had arrived in France newly-married from Egypt. My father had done his studies in French and wanted to go to a French university so he got a place at the University of Aix-Marseille. They lived in Aix while he did his doctorate, and then bought a house in Vence. Somehow they failed to take on board all that was happening. War started and I was born in Nice in October 1940, on the last day they could have got out back to Egypt as they had tickets for a ship. Nice was not the zone libre, but it was under tutelage of the Italians who were good to their Jews. Continue reading Interview | Gabriel Josipovici, author & critic
Are (were) your parents great readers? Tell us a bit about yourself. No, neither. My parents are more interested in the business side of things – as in, “does it make money?” I’m running out of synonyms for “not yet”! Instead, I have an incredible English teacher to thank for my impecuniosity. He went through the entirety of Paradise Lost with me, line-by-line.
Did you want to work in the publishing industry from the start? I think so, although it took me a while to realise it. I went around the houses first – journalism, academia, writing – but found that publishing was a good fit for my temperament.
Has your vision from when you started Little Island Press two years ago changed? In that we now publish fiction and essays – yes, in a big way. I started Little Island with only poetry in mind, but could not pass on some incredible projects, and our purview gradually widened. Yet, in another, more fundamental way, nothing has changed. We’re still committed to bringing together the best in literary innovation, design and production. “Real books,” as some have commented.Continue reading Interview | Andrew Latimer, co-founder, Little Island Press | Indie Publisher of the Week
“Style is not an end in itself: it is a result,” René Magritte.
A thinker, Magritte was in permanent revolution against banality and crass assumptions. He communicated his ideas through paintings, which he called “visible thoughts,” upending society’s conventions. He united the familiar in unexpected ways to create what is unfamiliar and often disturbing. Famous for playing with words and image, millions of people know his iconic painting of a pipe with the words beneath it, Ceci n’est pas une pipe (“this is not a pipe“) — point being the image may be of a pipe, but the pipe is not representative of the image.
In this brave new world of twenty-first century “post-truth politics” in which image matters to an alarming degree, and words no longer need bear any relation to reality, how everyday language disguises thought; the vagueness and ambiguity of words; and the gap between words and seeing, are hot topics. Déjà vu? Magritte captured the essence of the relationship between words and image over half a century ago. The first-ever publication of his Selected Writings in English by Alma Books is long overdue, and timely.
Rough Breathing by Harry Gilonis (Carcanet) 
Amnesia Nights by Quinton Skinner (Fentum) 
The Tree of the Toraja by Phillippe Claudel, translated by Euan Cameron (Read the World Series, MacLehose Press) 
The Caine Prize for African Writing is Africa’s leading literary prize, and is awarded to a short story by an African writer published in English, whether in Africa or elsewhere. The prize was launched in 2000 to encourage and highlight the richness and diversity of African writing by bringing it to a wider audience internationally. The focus on the short story reflects the contemporary development of the African story-telling tradition.
The Emperor of Shoes by Spencer Wise (No Exit Press) 
The Billionaire Raj by James Crabtree (Oneworld) 
Home, Home by Lisa Allen-Agostine (Papillote Press) 
THE BOOKBLAST® 10×10 TOUR, in association with Waterstones, will visit nine regions of England, celebrating risk-taking publishers who fill a unique niche in discovering talent. The tour connects London and the regions.
